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Cultural Evolution of Cooperation among LLM Agents

Dec 18, 2024 - arxiv.org
The article explores the potential for large language models (LLMs) to develop mutually beneficial social norms when deployed as AI agents in society. It focuses on the dynamics of multiple LLM agents interacting over generations, particularly examining the evolution of indirect reciprocity through the iterated Donor Game. The study compares different LLM models, including Claude 3.5 Sonnet, Gemini 1.5 Flash, and GPT-4o, in terms of their ability to foster cooperation. The findings indicate that Claude 3.5 Sonnet agents achieve higher cooperation scores than the other models, especially when utilizing a mechanism for costly punishment. This suggests that certain LLMs are more effective at developing cooperative behaviors.

The research also highlights the variability in emergent behaviors across different initial conditions, as evidenced by variations in outcomes based on random seeds. This sensitivity to initial conditions is an understudied aspect of LLM deployment. The authors propose that their evaluation method could serve as a new benchmark for assessing the impact of LLM agents on societal cooperation, offering an inexpensive and informative approach to understanding how these models might influence the cooperative infrastructure of society.

Key takeaways:

  • Large language models (LLMs) are being explored as a foundation for creating AI agents that can operate in real-world scenarios, representing individual or group interests.
  • The study investigates whether a society of LLM agents can develop mutually beneficial social norms, focusing on the evolution of indirect reciprocity in an iterated Donor Game.
  • Different LLM models show varying levels of success in fostering cooperation, with Claude 3.5 Sonnet outperforming Gemini 1.5 Flash and GPT-4o.
  • The research highlights the potential for using LLM agent interactions as a benchmark for evaluating the cooperative infrastructure of society, emphasizing the sensitivity to initial conditions.
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